SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
A)VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF THEDEMOCRAC
1 - First definition of the democracy
2 - Second definition of the democracy
B) CAUSES OF THE DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA
C) CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEMOCRACY
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
The beginning of the 1990s marks the entry of Africa in a new wave of democratic transition. This process led to the adoption, in almost all African countries, new constitutions devoting a democracy whose political recognition of pluralism, of the opposition as well as the proclamation of rights and freedoms are the basic features. This democratic renewal is also marked by the progressive construction of the rule of law and the holding of elections a fight leading to an alternation in several countries.
Although significant progress was made by many African countries, but obstacles remain.
I prepared or manipulated elections lead to violence blocking the democratic process and dialogue among political actors. To keep to the fill, some heads of state change the Constitution or use some institutions (including the Parliamentary Assembly), thus questioning the principle of the separation of powers. Similarly, the persistence of armed conflicts and the resurgence of coups in some countries undermine the transition to democracy.
A) THE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF DEMOCRACY
1. first definition of democracy
The word democracy is a political system.
In a democratic country, all citizens have the right to participate,
from near and far, in decisions that affect
them. Normally, Canadians elect a person who will
represent them and make decisions on their behalf to the different levels of Government.
It's what
we call a representative democracy. Countries such
as the Canada, the United States
of America and the United
Kingdom are all representative democracies.
2. Second definition of democracy
The term democracy (from the Greek δημοκρατία / dēmokratía, today often interpreted as 'sovereignty of the
people', combination of δῆμος / demos, 'people', by extension the greatest number, and κράτος / kratos, 'power', or even kratein, "to order") most often refers to a political system in which the people have the power. She may also appoint or qualify more broadly a company form, a form of governance of any organization, or even a system of values.
B) THE CAUSE OF DEMOCRATIZATION IN AFRICA
To better take stock of two decades of democracy in Africa, it is
important to see why and how the wind of democracy blew
across Africa. The cold war is unquestionably the cause distant but
fundamental to the surge of the democratic system on contains it black. What
do you mean? The Second World War ended in 1945
leavesappearon the political scene two global superpowers,
the United States and the USSR. Their hegemony is based
on the fact that. They had played a major and fundamental role in the defeat of the Nazi Germany of
Adolf Hitler and his dreams of world domination.
In
other words, without these two large, the Germany would
have certainly won the war.
The cold war raging in Europe since 1947 will spread in the rest of the world. The
Soviet Union and the United States enter an ideological and political war to conquer the world. The first wants
to spread communism and dictatorship of the proletariat in
the world while the second wants
to spread capitalism and liberal democracy. They compete by interposed countries worldwide. Theatres of operations will mainly take
place in developing countries struggle for independence
so that, once independent, the country
joins the bloc which helped him to gain its independence.
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C) THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA
On background of
rising unemployment, the condemnation of 9 employees, of whom 5 trade
unionists of the CGT, the Goodyear plant to 2 years in prison including
9 months imprisonment for abduction of two executives from their factory in
order to defend their jobs, is the effect
of a real explosion in lab
our and political. It confirms a process of criminalization of Trade
Union action, already widely denounced by the
Observatory of the repression and union discrimination (ODRS) in its latestreport. This criminalization is done in
the name of 'social dialogue' vaunted by the
Government. Thus, the Minister of labour, while
mine to understand 'the despair of
employees', fully justifies the sanction
against trade unionistsby recalling that "the sequestration and violence are
unacceptable", only " are not part of
the tools of the social dialogue. However, it
is good precisely because democracy in business is
just pure formalism that the despair of employees can borrow sequestration as
ultimate weapon voices to be heard
Recall first that the sequestration of managers or bosses, is extremely rare. It is used in less than 1% of conflicts and, contrary to what is said in the media, these modes of action are not more frequent
today than 20 years ago (DARES, survey RESPONSE). She is sometimes the only form of response that employees may find to defend themselves, without impairing the dignity of the people. The anger expressed by the employees of Goodyear perfectly illustrates this case since successful executives could communicate, move in and out smoking freely. Besides, aware of the
meaning of this
movement and its registration as a result of strike, these
Frame works have withdrawn their complaint at the end of the conflict.
It is thus not the violence of these acts which would explain the sanctions towards the mobilized trade unionists. Up to now this kind of action was generally punished by a fine, or to the maximum by s usp ended sentences. Then how to explain such a eagerness? Initially, if it is difficult to affirm that the government could give explicit instructions of firmness to the parquet floor, it is clear that it en courages, since 2012, this process of criminalisation of he social movements: refusal to promulgate the law of amnesty social, continuation of pointing DNA of the trade-union activists, and today prohibition of the demonstrations and house arrests of militants within the framework of the emergency state. From this point of view the magistrates most sensitive to the ambient sedentary speech feel legitimate to sanction also hard employees in anger. These same magistrates, rather accustomed to treat facts of civil delinquency, are largely disconnected from the work world. There does not exist indeed any more within the national school of the Magistrature, as that was the case before (ands the ODRS claims it) formations which gathers magistrates, researchers and trade unionists in order to analyze together the reality of the social relations in the companies.
CONCLUSION
Has the school of the democracy, the States African
one it sorry reputation to be the bad one raised the construction of a true
democracy is put at evil by the persistence of tribal, ethnic or clannish
considerations it is then important to reconsider the democracy in Africa while
starting with affranchirdu myth according to which, because of their
traditional organition, the African companies would be incompatible with
democracy the walk engaged by Africa towards the democracy by the way
institutional will be truly effective only with the rise of a true culture
democratic of the men.
